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Bøås, M. and Bjørkhaug, I. (2014). The IDP Economy in Northern Uganda: A Prisoners’ Economy?. In Hammar, A. (ed), Displacement Economies in Africa: Paradoxes of Crisis and Creativity. Aldershot: Zed Books. pp.187-206.

Conclusion:

"The IDP situation in northern Uganda is among the most extreme cases of displacement. The conditions people faced, as discussed in this chapter, had a profound impact on their life choices and livelihood opportunities. Very few of the more common social navigation opportunities available to refugees and IDPs were within reach in northern Uganda. Here, the IDPs were constantly afraid and extremely poor, physically confined, and highly dependent on humanitarian aid. In effect they were locked into a camp situation that was meant to be temporary but turned out to be almost permanent exile from their homes and fields. The fact that they were so close to their former homes – many could even see their fields from the camps in which they lived, but could not go there – added a particularly painful dimension to their displacement."